紫甘薯花色苷的组分及抗氧化活性研究(英文)

对紫甘薯花色苷的化学成分和抗氧化活性进行了研究.研究采用大孔树脂AB-8纯化紫甘薯花色苷,高效液相色谱-2极管阵列法(HPLC-DAD)分析表明,纯化后的提取物中共含有11种花色苷,其中主要成分为酰化的矢车菊素和芍药素.并测定了紫甘薯总花色苷在DPPH自由基清除体系、超氧阴离子体系、还原力和亚油酸体系的抗氧化活性.在质量浓度均为0.5g/L时,花色苷、L-AA和 BHT的还原力分别为0.572、0.460 和0.121,花色苷的清除DPPH自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC50)和清除超氧阴离子IC50分别为6.94和3.68mg/L,表明花色苷还原能力强,并能有效地清除DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子.此外,紫甘薯花色苷能较好地抑制脂质过氧化.     

30个中国甘薯主栽品种的RAPD指纹图谱构建及遗传变异分析

研究以中国30个甘薯主栽品种为材料,对甘薯RAPD指纹图谱的构建进行了探讨。从102个RAPD引物中筛选出26个多态性丰富的引物用于PCR扩增,共扩增出255条多态性条带,平均每个引物扩增的多态性带数为9.8条。其中S32和S39多态性最高,仅用其中1个引物即能将这30个甘薯品种完全区分开,且由此构建的指纹图谱出现的概率很小,分别为4.77×10^-7（1/221）和1.91×10^-6（1/219）。结果进一步表明,这30个甘薯品种的遗传距离变异幅度较大,为0.0390～0.4306,平均遗传距离为0.3086。RAPD聚类分析表明,地域分布相近的甘薯品种和具有同一亲本的甘薯品种聚在一起,与这些甘薯品种的系谱图一致。     

甘薯栽培管理知识模型系统的设计思路

本研究以系统工程思想为指导,通过对甘薯栽培研究成果及专家知识归纳总结,应用作物栽培学、生理学、生态学以及计算机科学等多学科的基础理论和方法,对甘薯栽培管理知识模型系统进行了设计,拟以甘薯生育指标、环境因子、技术措施之间的定量化动态关系为主线,建立具有动态预测和决策功能的甘薯栽培管理知识模型.本设计主要包括研究思路与技术路线、资料获取方式、研究方法、开发过程等部分,实现播前栽培方案的设计与动态生育指标的确定等功能,揭示生态环境和农艺栽培措施与甘薯生长发育及产量和品质形成的内在关系和机制,实现区域化和经验性甘薯栽培管理模式的系统化整合和科学化表达,形成模型化的专家系统和决策性的系统模型.     

紫色甘薯营养成分和药用价值研究进展

紫色甘薯[Ipomoea batatas（L.）Lam.]是一种富含天然食用色素的独特甘薯。从20世纪90年代初在日本农林水产省九州农业试验场选育出的“川山紫”开始,紫色甘薯由于富含多种营养成分,具有清除自由基抗氧化、预防和治疗心血管疾病等多种药用功能而在日本等发达国家得到广泛推广。就国内外对紫色甘薯各方面的研究,对其营养成分和药用价值进行论述,为在国内广泛推广种植紫色甘薯新品种提供重要依据。     

4QL―1型甘薯起垄收获多功能机的设计与试验

设计了一款可实现甘薯施肥、起垄、镇压和收获作业的起垄收获多功能机,并阐述了整机和关键部件结构设计、工作原理及技术参数。在粘重土壤区试验考核表明,该机性能稳定,作业顺畅,起垄主要指标为:土垄垄形一致性为97%,土壤容重变化率为27%,邻接垄垄距合格率为90%;收获主要指标为:明薯率为97%,漏挖率为0.3%,伤薯率为1%,破皮率为1.5%。     

超声波提取紫薯多糖的工艺优化

[目的]优化紫薯多糖的提取工艺。[方法]利用超声波技术提取紫薯粗多糖,用单因素试验和正交试验设计相结合的方法获得最佳提取工艺。[结果]影响紫薯多糖得率的主要因素按重要性排序为：超声频率〉料液比〉提取温度〉提取时间;紫薯粗多糖最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶15,提取时间40 min,提取温度60℃,超声频率80 kHz,此条件下紫薯多糖的提取率为3.63%。[结论]利用超声技术提取紫薯多糖可以提高多糖得率、缩短提取时间、采用较低温度提取、节省提取溶剂,降低提取成本。     

基于正交实验的高淀粉甘薯高产栽培技术研究

甘薯是世界主要粮食作物之一,也是重要的工业原料作物和饲料作物。近年来,中国学者对甘薯高产栽培技术进行了大量研究。为了提高能源型‘商薯19’的产量,采用正交实验方法,通过对甘薯栽培技术中不同移栽时间、种植密度、起垄宽度、起垄高度4个因素进行组合试验,进行甘薯增产对比试验研究,以筛选出最佳综合配套技术措施方案,指导大田生产。结果表明：处理5组合的产量最高,与其他各组存在极显著差异。即适时早插,起垄适当,合理施肥是提高甘薯产量的重要栽培管理措施。     

Efficient elimination of sweetpotato little leaf phytoplasma from sweetpotato by cryotherapy of shoot tips

Shoot tips with 3–4 leaf primordia were excised from in vitro -grown sweetpotato plants ( Ipomoea batatas ) infected with little leaf phytoplasma ( Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia) and subjected to cryotherapy. All plants regenerated from the cryo-treated shoot tips were free of phytoplasma, whereas shoot tip culture or dehydration of shoot tips without subsequent cryotherapy resulted in phytoplasma-free plants at a frequency of only 7–10%. Histological and ultrastructural studies with light and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, indicated that cryotherapy was lethal to all cells except those in the apical dome of the meristem and the two youngest leaf primordia. These surviving parts of the shoot tip contained vascular tissue and sieve elements, but electron microscopy showed no phytoplasma in them. In contrast, an abundance of phytoplasma was found in sieve elements located at the lower, non-surviving parts of the shoot tip 1·0 or 1·5 mm from the apical dome. In the greenhouse, the plants in which phytoplasmas were not detected were healthy-looking, grew vigorously and were readily distinguished from the infected plants that exhibited little leaf and chlorosis symptoms, proliferation of axillary shoots and roots, stunting, and heavily reduced number and size of storage roots. In this study efficient elimination of phytoplasma and production of pathogen-tested plant stocks were achieved with the novel cryotherapy-based approach. The proposed advantage of the technique is that it can be simultaneously used for long-term storage of plant germplasm and for production of pathogen-free plants.     

Identification of QTLs for Starch Content in Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.）

Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.） breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping （IM） and multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL） model （MQM） analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes, with high yield and moderate starch, and Xu 781, which is resistant to stem nematodes, has low yield and high starch content. Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map, explaining 9.1-38.8% of the variation. Especially, one of them, DMFN 4, accounted for 38.8% of starch content variation, which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato. All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content, which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781. Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map, explaining 14.3 and 16.1% of the variation, respectively. They had a negative effect on the variation, indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781. Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker. This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato. These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.     

Cloning and Characterization of a Salt Tolerance-Associated Gene Encoding Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase in Sweetpotato

Trehalose plays an important role in metabolic regulation and abiotic stress tolerance in a variety of organisms. In plants, its biosynthesis is catalyzed by two key enzymes： trehalose-6-phosphate synthase（TPS） and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase（TPP）. In the present study, a TPS gene, named IbTPS, was first isolated from sweetpotato（Ipomoea batatas（L.） Lam.） cv. Lushu 3 by rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）. The open reading frame（ORF） contained 2 580 nucleotides encoding 859 amino acids with a molecular weight of 97.433 kDa and an isoelectric point（pI） of 5.7. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high identities with TPS of other plants. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of IbTPS gene was significantly higher in stems of Lushu 3 than in its leaves and roots. Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermal cells indicated that IbTPS gene was located in the nucleus. Transgenic tobacco（cv. Wisconsin 38） plants over-expressing IbTPS gene exhibited significantly higher salt tolerance compared with the control plant. Trehalose and proline content was found to be significantly more accumulated in transgenic tobacco plants than in the wild-type and several stress tolerance related genes were up-regulated. These results suggest that IbTPS gene may enhance salt tolerance of plants by increasing the amount of treahalose and proline and regulating the expression of stress tolerance related genes.